Términos

Gorra militar pequeña con una visera casi horizontal y una coronilla rígida que se inclina hacia el frente; mayormente popular en los ejércitos franceses y de Estados Unidos. Más tarde, fue adoptada para uso civil.

Material animal que contiene queratina.

Una proteína fibrosa natural que es el bloque principal de tejido epidérmico. La queratina contiene todos los aminoácidos comunes, pero tiene cantidades más altas de cistina que otras proteínas estructurales fibrosas. Queratinas blandas se encuentran en las capas externas de piel, lana, pelo, plumas, mientras que las queratinas duras son los principales componentes de caparazones de tortuga, uñas, pezuñas, escamas, cuentas, y picos. Además de su uso en su forma natural, desde mediados de la década de 1600 la queratina se ha moldeado en botones, peines, y hebillas.

Una gama de colores amarillos que se asemeja al color del quercitrón, un tinte vegetal amarillo extraído de la corteza del roble negro.

Flavonoid compound used as a yellow dye, obtained from the bark of the black oak, Quercus velutina, native to the eastern and midwestern United States. The outermost layer of bark gives a bright yellow dye while the inner bark gives a darker oranges and tans. Used to dye wool bright yellow or orange. At one time this colorant was used with cochineal to produce scarlets of particular brilliance. Quercitron was introduced in England in 1775 by Edward Bancroft as a substitute for weld.

Genus containing around 450 species of ornamental and timber trees and shrubs, found chiefly in north temperate regions and at high altitudes in the tropics. The durable wood has a distinctive coarse grain. The thick bark from some species is used for its buoyancy. Tannins and dyes can be extracted from the bark. Oak emits organic acids as it ages. Many plants commonly called "oak" are not Quercus, including African oak, Australian oak, bull oak, etc.

Species of oak native to the Pacific coastal regions of North America from California to the Baja peninsula; most often shrubby, but may reach heights of 20 m. Distinguished by holly-like leaves; may live to 250 years in age. The hard wood has been used for shipbuilding in the past, but now the tree is primarily used as an ornamental and for shade.

Species of oak native to the eastern United States, reaching 45 m (50 feet) in height, having pale-gray, shallowly fissured, scaly bark, and glossy, bright green leaves that narrow toward the base and turn wine red in autumn. Specimens are known to have lived for up to 600 years. It is an important timber tree, having light brown, coarse-grained, strong wood, used for millwork and flooring.

Species of tall oak native to eastern North America in Canada and the U.S., found in a variety of habitats, including stream valleys and low-lying fields, thus giving it the common name. It has bark that is gray and scaly with irregular ridges and fissures and a bowl-shaped cap of leaves. It grows rapidly and can live to 350 years of age.

Species of large deciduous tree growing 25-40 meters in height, having glossy leaves and a dark gray, deeply furrowed bark often streaked orange near the base of the trunk. It is native to Europe and Asia Minor. It is used for timber.

Species of evergreen oak native to the eastern Mediterranean and southwest Asia. It was historically important as the food plant of the Kermes scale insect, from which a red dye called crimson was obtained.

Species of medium to large tree native to the central and eastern parts of North America. It is used for timber and as an ornamental, valued for its colorful autumn foliage.

Species of medium-sized oak tree with a round crown native to the southeastern United States, but found from New York to Florida, Missouri, and Texas. It is a timber tree, and the bark is a source of tannin. It may occasionally form hybrids with other red oaks in the region.

Species of medium-sized oak tree native to the western coast of North America, from British Columbia to southern California. Particularly common in the Willamette Valley, it hosts gall wasps and mistletoe.

A small to medium-sized, long-living evergreen oak found mostly in cold semi-arid to temperate humid regions of the Mediterranean basin. It has small leathery and wooly leaves with an upper side of dark green, and a lower side covered in white hairs. The wood of the tree is dense and semiporous, and is often used as firewood. Its acorns have been used to feed livestock.

Species of medium sized oak tree growing to 20 meters in height, native primarily to the Midwestern and southern United States, typically growing in uplands with good drainage, but occasionally at lowland streams. Its leaves are shaped like laurel leaves. The fruit is an acorn that is an important food source for squirrels and birds. The common names comes from its use in making making shingles and clapboard siding for houses.

Species of oak native to the Near East; important source of nut galls, abnormal growths caused by a wasp and which contain tannins sued for leatherwork, making ink, and in medicines to treat burns.

Species of small, slow-growing deciduous shrubby tree native to the dry, sandy areas of the southeastern United States, on the coastal plain from Delaware to Florida and Louisiana. It reaches 10 meters in height, has deeply incised leaves with 3-7 slender lobes, and acorns that take 18 months to mature. It hybridizes easily with southern red oak (Q. falcata), bluejack oak (Q. incana), laurel oak (Q. laurifolia), and water oak (Q. nigra). Its name "turkey oak" is derived either from the turkey-footprint shape of its leaves or from the fact that wild turkeys eat the acorns.

Species of medium sized oak tree native to the southeast of the United States, from coastal Virginia to central Florida to Texas, growing 20-25 m (65-80 feet) in height, and having a large, circular crown.